On the Nouns and Adjectives that Express Habituality and Frequency in Turkish: The Suffixes -AGAn~-AğAn, -GAn and Others in Tarama Sözlüğü

Abstract

There are ways of new word formation such as derivation, compounding, semantic shift and borrowing in Turkish. The derivation which is the main word formation way is made by derivational suffixes. Varying as deriving nouns from nouns, verbs from nouns, nouns from verbs and verbs from verbs, by adding these suffixes new words are expressed. The suffixes of AGAn~-AğAn and -GAn which derive nouns from verbs create nouns and adjectives that denote habituality and frequent happening. In some cases, words made by the suffixes of -AGAn~-AğAn and -GAn are used with adverbs such as "çok, iyi" in the meaning of much, frequent for adding intensive meaning. To exhibit the historical process of Turkish language, Tarama Sözlüğü is important dictionary for researchers. It was published in six volumes between 1963 and 1972 including 14.000 entries and 60.000 witnesses which is formed by scanning 227 literary works. This study aims to point out the words which have intensive meaning as habituality and frequent happening of an action in Tarama Sözlüğü. For this purpose, various examples of these words are determined from Tarama Sözlüğü. It is concluded that examples predominantly are made by the suffixes of -AGAn~-AğAn and -GAn. It is observed that the suffixes of -AcAn, -Ak, -GIç/-GUç, -GIn/-GUn and -sAk create nouns that denote habituality and frequent happening as well. As a result, one hundred twenty-one words are identified and listed in three groups: the suffixes -AGAn~-AğAn, -GAn and others.